Employees in Norway are Complaining That They Have no Input into Essay

Employees in Norway are Complaining That They Have no Input into Decision qualification in Organizations - Essay ExampleThis reality has led to the witnessed complains posed by the concerned staffs. It exists that poor employee-employer relations ultimately affect the decision making processes and sake of employees. Additionally, deprived rapport, poor management, pride in the status quo among managers, and inadequate decision-making policies form prime contributors. Several solutions to the problem are suggestible to uproot the vice and straighten out this complain. These included Ratification of viable decision-making policies that will elicit employees participation in decision making processes. Proper employee-employer relations and suitable management Respect and mutual regards between employees and their seniors Educating the management on the importance of allowing employees to participate on critical organizational processes. Establishment and nurturing of self-managing t eams Additionally, it is recommendable that the most appropriate solution to this menace is management education/education on the benefits emanating from the involvement employees in decision-making processes and proper management practices (Portny, 2010). ... It is crucial to agree that Norwegian organizations have neglected their employees in decision making issues nevertheless, it is assertable to amend the situation through proper education and other lucrative remedies. Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary.2 2. Introduction..5 3. abstract a. Cultural Differences Analysis..5 b. Problem Solving..8 i. The problem identification...8 ii. Scanning the stage8 iii. Categorization stage.8 iv. Diagnosis stage....8 c. Generating Alternative solutions.8 d. Evaluation and Choosing of alternatives.9 i. Feasibility.9 ii. forest..9 iii. Acceptability9 iv. Cost10 v. Reversibility...10 4. Implementing and monitoring the suggested solution...10 5.

Public Law (Human Rights) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public Law (Human Rights) - Essay ExampleThey are appointed is for six end point of office of six years through the term is renewable. The power of the ECJ defined in clause 243. The Member States mainly, but not exclusively, in exercising its legal power under Articles 173, 177 and 228(6).2The sovereignty of Parliament is the dominant characteristic of our political institutions. Sir. A. V. Dicey expressed it as cornerstone of the constitution and he has introduced of this precept of PS. These areThis reign means that the Parliament can make or unmake any right. Parliament may grant independence to dependent states whether dominions or colonies. For example The Nigeria license Act 1960 and The Zimbabwe Independence Act 1979.2. No Parliament may be bound by its predecessor or bind by its successor The doctrine of repeal is the idea that supports this surmise. Now any Act of Parliament can expressly or impliedly repeal any law. So, this power of Parliament support Diceys this th eory as Parliament is not being bound any Parliament before it. However, by Acts of Union, the law making power of UK and Scotland was merged that was maintained for much than 300 years. Acts of Union and the Grand of independence oppose this theory.This doctrine states that an Act will be accepted by Courts provided it was made by proper procedure. So, no one can question about its validity. But it is seen that citizens i.e. ... electorates and neighbouring countries can question it. Before 1688 settlement judges proclaim an Act invalid because of its conflicts with a law of higher statues. In Pickin v British data trackway Board, Lord Read said that although, previous laws contrary to the law of God or the nature or natural justice can be said to be invalid,The comments of Lord Denning in McCarthys v Smith, and Lord Diplock in Garland v British Rail Engineering Ltd provides an analogy for arguing that the HRA could be repealed if Parliament wished. It cannot be an entrenched bil l of Rights, but where a Sex Discrimination Act 1975 appeared inconsistent with Article 141(then Article119) EC (equal pay). However, HL was able to construe the provision in a manner consistent with Article.3The influence between of the European court in the ripening of Community law, and the influence of domestic courts in the suppuration of English law, on the other hand. Lord Diplocks dictum in the GCHQ is testament to the influence of the courts in the development of administrative law. His Lordship stated English law relating to judicial control of administrative action has been developed upon a case-to-case basis which has virtually transformed it over the fit three decades.In Les Verts the Court referred to the Treaty as the basic constitutional charter of the Community and came to the conclusion that, although the Parliament was not mentioned as a doable defendant in Article 173, binding measures adopted by it were subject to judicial review. The Court stated that by Ar ticles 173, 184 and 177 the Treaty intended to establish a complete system of legal remedies. Les Verts is a prime example of dynamic interpretation, an approach typical of the interpretation.The current British position is

Analysis of Pepsi Company Limited Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Pepsi Company Limited - Assignment ExampleThe strategy enforce by the company indicates that the management is in the process of creating action plans that try to augment the market share and take the lead competitor position in the soft drinks industry. The company tries to do this by increasing operations in all major cities of the world to rival the global presence of Coca-Cola Company. b) The annual explanation also points out the fact the company uses the straight line on both depreciation and amortization, a factor which means that the company does not use reducing balance method (PepsiCo, 2010). When the different depreciation methods are com rack uped, it can be seen that the straight-line method is the best for this type of company. This is because the straight-line method allocates the usefulness of the assets to the most racy life of the asset, meaning that when the asset is near obsolete, the depreciation allocated to the asset is small compared to the earl ier life of the asset. Conversely, the reducing balance method of depreciation allocates depreciation accord to the value of the asset, which ends up allocating depreciation even when the asset is near obsolete. The company also uses the straight-line method to amortize assets, loans and allocate capital expenditure. c) From the annual reports released in the monetary year ended December 2010, the par value of Pepsi Company common stock is 1 2/3 pence per share (PepsiCo, 2010). This par value reflected by the financial statements of the company indicates that the value has remained constant since the company announced a stock split in 1996, which means that the share data have been adjusted to reflect the stock split. The par value of the shares has remained constant since the period, and capital in excess of the par value is reduced to reflect the increase in par value occasioned by the value of additional shares issued.

A History of the Arab Peoples Albert Hourani Essay Example for Free

A History of the Arab Peoples Albert Hourani EssayAlbert Houranis book A History of the Arab people highlights the Arab history in general since the early beginning of Islam and even before that-, till the modern ages in the nineteenth century. The book is cracking for westerners interested in the Arabs and for Arabs, who are non familiar with their history. The book is a good add to any interested reader. Back ground instruction Lebanese-American historian Albert Tourane represent this book as an increment to his previous works discussing Arabs history and Arabian affairs such as, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1789-1939,which was first published in 1962. It would be a mistake to deal with this book as a pure history book. Its not depending only on dates and chronological extent of the Arabic people and civilization and this is a good point to build our review on it. Summary Houranis book begins with the story of Ibn-Khaldon, the great Arab socialist. The following chapt er negotiation about the appearance of Islam and Muhammad and then his successors and the formation of the Islamic empire 3 . Next, the book talks about the Islamic society and its Koranic accounts 4 with the great revolution in translating science and Greek philosophy with the appearance of Sufism 5 .Islamic expansion and the description of minorities like Jews and Christians 6 followed. Life in countryside 7 and cities 8 and the rulers of the societies 9 were mentioned in later pages. course of Islam 1o and The culture of the Ulema 11 are two chapters talking about the faith in Islam with sentiency of community and low determination. The book also trys how culture was well represented 12 and how the following Ottoman empire 13 sustained the Arab world, with a legal brief description of Ottoman societies 14 .Chapter fifteen starts talking about the eighteenth century 15 and the European powers in the Arabic areas 16 like cut intervention in Algeria. Opening of Suez Canal and Z ionism arose with Jews settled in Palestine 16 and how the culture of Imperialism 17 started to have a loud voice in the area. Word War One 18 and its influence discussed in Chapter nineteen 19 with the modern life history in Arabic societies 20 . Book show how the emergence of Israel started and the independent movements were held from French British and The tragedy of the triple attack on Egypt on 195621.Chapter twenty two 22 show a rapid change in Arabic societies and the Arabic culture extended 23 with the climax of Arabism started from 1950s 23 . Final chapters of the book discussed the difference between Arabs, the sudden death of Nasser and the 1973 war between Egypt and Israel 24. final chapter states around major problems in the area, including Kurds struggle for independence, Sudan problem and women issues. Number of twenty pages of maps followed, which make a great way to represent the places that was mentioned in the book.Evaluation of the book This book is well repr esented with all the illustration and maps introduced. The Index is well-written and helpful in finding any information directly. As mentioned before, the book couldnt be categorized as a history book its better described as Social-history book and starting with the life of Ibn-Khaldun is such evidence. It represents a vast look on the Arabic societies through history, describing the life style, science, different religion and civilization.Many chapters described the same period of magazine but dealing with different subjects, like chapters twenty 25 two and twenty three 26 in the (1950s and 1960s). From the other point of view, this book skims some important details such as, the expound pre-Islamic era, the great empires of Umayyad and Abbasid which was represented with partly amount of pages that doesnt exceed seven pages in some cases. Also the detailed life of Prophet Muhammad, which has a great impact on the Arabic societies. Also Crusaders wars werent well mentioned, although it has a very huge impact on Arabs in its time.Conclusion Dealing with the history of Arabs is such a great effort and a hard game to play. This book tried to do the about of the job with a different way, which is representing history from the social point of view. I would recommend this book if one already has a minimum knowledge and instinct of Arab history . Otherwise I recommend alternatives such as, History of the Arabs from the earliest times to the present, of Philip Hitti. It would be useful for a good specialized historical reading.

An Assignment on the Linguistic Acquisition Device Essay Example for Free

An Assignment on the Linguistic Acquisition Device EssayIn linguistics, langu sequence attainment is the process through which human beings obtain the readiness to comprehend and perceive nomenclature as well as produce sentences and words and utilize them to communicate. According to Chomsky, his Linguistic Acquisition Device (LAD) encompassed a turn of events that children were born that could be defined as the inborn ability to comprehend the language principles. This LAD fits his innateness Hypothesis of language acquisition because he believed that once a child was exposed to language, the LAD would enable him or her to learn language in an outstanding pace as also elucidated under his critical breaker point hypothesis Question TwoAccording to Noam Chomskys critical period hypothesis, human speech encompassed a genetically programmed ability that had a critical age threshold. This is because alike a variety of other human behaviors, an individuals ability to acquire language is based on critical periods that are defined as the limited time span during which the individual is sensitive to the language acquisition external stimuli that enables him or her to acquire language. Once this time is surpassed the individual has marginal chances of acquiring language. This critical period in language acquisition was adolescence to Chomsky. Question ThreeGenie was discovered in Los Angeles on November 4, 1970. She was discovered by a social worker in Temple City, California when she accompanied her mother as she sought for disability benefits due to near blindness. The social worker had initially sensed that something was wrong with Genie and she got so shocked when she greeted them and discovered that Genie was actually 13 years old though the social worker had estimated that she was sick and half that age. The social worker contacted her supervisor, who after questioning Genies mother contacted the police. Genies parents were posterior arrested and s he was made the ward of the court and later transferred to the Childrens Hospital Lost Angeles. She was unable to acquire a language within a critical period due to the severe child pervert she went through under the hands of her father. Question FourThe symptoms she displayed of this failure after she was discovered were here severe undersize regardless of her advanced age of 13 years. She had no understanding of grammar she could only comprehend 15-20 words. Two short phrases were what consisted of her active vocabulary and hence she had complete lack of speech, not because she was selectively mute scarcely because she lacked any type of language. Though she had considerable memories of her past she lacked a way to communicate them. Question FiveThe forbidden taste was the language deprivation experiment under which infants were isolated from any normal utilization of signed or spoken language as an attempt to discover the origin or language or human natures fundamental charact eristics. Viktor became a model of this experiment because before his discovery he had lived in a forest like a wild animal and had been unable to understand or speak any language. After being placed under the care of Dr Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, he acquired the language rudiments and became socialized. Question SixShe began to use the two-word phrases when she started to understand about 200 vocabulary words. Her speech began to improve after settling in her ne surrounding though it continued to exhibit latency. With time she started using negative forms with not rather than the prefix un. By October 1973 she could easily comprehend complex negation forms. By October 1971 she could listen to people talking and even contribute to the conversations. By November f the same year her speech and grammar could be equated to that of an 18 or 20 calendar month old baby. By 1972 she could use complex noun phrases and regular plurals as well as understand interrogative words. By 1973 she was u sing determiners, definite articles, possessives and imperative sentences. She tho did not acquire automatic speech. Question SevenThe ethical implications of the language deprivation experiment are that it encompassed an inhuman experiment that would deprive the infants of their language acquisition abilities. Regardless of this Viktor benefited from this experiment because he was later able to acquire language rudiments and be socialized. The ethical implications of the experiments on Genie were linked to the fact that they subjected her to additive child abuse rather than help her because the researchers were more focused on the results of their results rather than hoe the research could benefit Jeanie. To some extent Jeanie benefited from the experiments because her language abilities alter but the researchers used her to acquire fame.

Principle and Practice of Selling Essay Example for Free

Principle and Practice of Selling EssayEthics whitethorn be defined as the study of what is good and bad or what is right or wrong. It involves moral code conduct controlling the individuals and societies. People may disaccord sharply about what is honourable or unethical behaviour, especially in complex, competitive areas like business. Thus, in business areas, right or wrong finding making usually is based on economic criteria. Ethical dilemma can arises in a situation when each alternative choice or behaviour has some undesirable elements due to potentially negative ethical or personal consequences. Right or wrong cannot be clearly identified. In this chapter, there are four subtopics that we need to cover that consist of cut-rate deals reps morality in dealing with customers, salespersons ethics in dealing with their employers, salespersons ethics dealing with their competitors and also managing sales ethics. In the first subtopic for salespersons ethics in dealing with their employers, the salesperson should know that misusing the company asset is wiz of the right or wrong behaviour.As everybody knows, the company assets are only be allowed to be use for globized purpose only. Next, the moonlighting attitude where some employees go beyond long lunch hours, taking personal phone calls and also excessive socializing to actually moonlighting on part time jobs during the aforesaid(prenominal) hours they are supposed to be working for their primary employer. More than that, technology theft is also part of the salespersons ethics in dealing with employers. These days, every company provides their salesperson with computers, software and data on their customers.When the salesperson quit or is fired, they can easily sorb advantage by taking the organizations customer records to use for their future benefits. Last but not least, affecting other salesperson is also the unethical practices of one salesperson where he or she affect other salesperson lik e they may take customers away from co-workers. In next subtopic salespersons ethics in dealing with customers, there are some important points that every salesperson should be alert and aware of. Bribe is where a salesperson may attempt to bribe a buyer by offering money, gift, etc. The salesperson can be charged under law if they do so. unconnected from that, misrepresentation can be in aim to win the sale, some salesperson will promise much more than they can deliver with the persuasion that the customers will later accept some reasonable excuses. The following point is tie-in sales. It occurs when a buyer is required to buy other, unwanted products in order to buy a particular line of merchandise. Lastly, price discrimination. Many salespersons may practice price discrimination to improve their sales. Price discrimination refers to selling the same quantity of the product to different buyer at different prices.The next section in this chapter is managing sales ethics, which is include follow the leader, leader selection is important, make up a code of ethics, pass water ethical structures, encourage whistle-blowing, create an ethical sales climate and establish control systems. Follow the leader means the hirer Executives must set the example of bad and good ethics thus the employee will know better about the right ethics as salespeople. precaution must also carefully choose managers with high levels of moral development, and this is what we called as leader selection.Third is about establish a code of ethics, where a formal statement of companys values concerning ethics and social issues. Beside that create ethical structures cab be divided into ethical committee which group of executives positive to oversee company ethics and second is ethical ombudsman where official given the responsibility of corporate conscience that hears and investigates ethical complaints and informs top management to potential ethical issues. Encourage whistle-blowing is e mployee disclosure of illegal, immoral, or illegitimate practice on the employers part.Also, the top level manager must support code of ethics to create an ethical sales climate. Lastly, establish control systems in managing the sales ethics means dismissal, demotion, suspension, reprimand and withholding of the sale commissions would be possible penalties for unethical sale practices. As an addition to this chapter we found salespeoples ethics in dealing with their competitors beside of their ethics to customers and employers as mentioned above. Here we will discuss about several salespeoples ethic in dealing with their competitors. Firstly, belittle the competitors publicly.It is unethical to belittle the competitors by picturing their product as inferior or even shoddy and worthless. To constitute the trust from customers, salespeople may even indicate that competitive products are better. Second is stealing shelf topographic point. It also unethical to decease competitors shar e of shelf space placing competing products at back or crowding them together. Moreover, it could encourage the same action from competitors. Third is untruthful statement, where also unethical to salespeople to make untruthful stamen about their competitors and dexterity ruin the salespersons reputation easily.And finally tempering the competitors product which is not only unethical but also illegal for salespeople to damage competitors product, tamper with their displays and point of sale materials or reduce their product shelf space in retail store and elsewhere. In conclusion, to be an ethical salesperson we must to well cognise the good ethics that should be followed and what is the bad ethic that should be avoid. Salespeople that do the right things will success in future while part of them who do the wrong things might be fired one day or might face many problems especially law.

Moral Perspectives On Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

Moral Perspectives On Euthanasia Philosophy EssayShould individuals, especially terminally ill-people in excruciating pain in the neck, be able to end their lives? If so, whitethorn they hasten their destructions only be refusing medical discourse designed to sustain their lives, or may they take ready measures to kill themselves? Can they ask polars to abet them? Who can they ask their spo expenditures? Close friends? Their doctors? Should they expect the law to support their decision?1These are commonly asked question when debating on mercy killing. In this paper I shall get wind to answers these questions from different moral perspectives.According to Vincent Barry, mercy killing is the subprogram of painlessly putting to death a soulfulness suffering from terminal or incurable sickness or condition2. To elaborate, mercy killing is deliberate act it is painless killing and is performed to people with incurable disease or irreversible coma. In addition euthanasia is p erformed only to those unhurrieds who have confirmed diagnosing of untreatable disease, are at their terminal stage of life and are suffering from intense pain or other painful medical symptoms. The term euthanasia is often used interchangeably with physician assisted suicide/death as it is usually assisted or advised by a physician. at that place are sestet categories of euthanasia. However it can be classified in two different offices. First is the way life is taken from the patient suffering from terminal disease, which is known as lively or passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia is an act of killing the person by injecting lethal drugs to cause immediate and painless death. While passive euthanasia is omitting the act of saving a persons life with incurable disease, and is not benefiting from the alert medical treatment. tthusly passive euthanasia is allowing the patient to discover (Daniel Gorman, 1998). Moreover it could be painful or painless depending on the present co ndition of the sufferer. non everyone agrees with classifying passive euthanasia under the category of euthanasia as it is not a deliberate act of killing, and is usually prolong and painful. Therefore allowing the patient to die can be morally permissible (Gay-Williams, 1979). Others argue killing and allowing dying holds same moral position in some cases and therefore should be answered on an individual basis (James Rachels, 1975). The second method of classification of euthanasia is (a) conscious i.e. the sufferer who is competent adult is giving acquiesce for particular form of treatment for euthanasia. (b) Non- unbidden euthanasia i.e. when the consent is given by some other person because the patient to die is not eligible to give consent (Vincent Barry, 1985, pg 195).Different moral positions and arguments are held for different forms of euthanasia. Therefore in this paper I would wrangle unpaid worker active euthanasia from Kantian and utilitarians perspective. In addit ions I would be discussing arguments for and against voluntary active euthanasia.Immanuel Kant focuses on actions and labels an action morally right if it is done for the sake and respect of duty. For him rational being is someone who guides his will and duty with reason. In addition he negotiation about principal of categorical imperatives that actions are morally correct if a person can will it to be universalized. Also he says not to use human beings as specified beings. Kant would look at voluntary active euthanasia as a form of suicide. In his groundwork for metaphysics of morals he talks about it as Act in such a way as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of anyone else, always as an end and never merely as a means3. So a person choosing euthanasia is using himself as mere being and is not respecting his own rationality. Hence Kant would strictly forbidden voluntary euthanasia as the person in pain inclined to take his life, is not acting according to du ty and is therefore always immoral. The action is moral as Kant says if the unfortunate one, strong in mind, indignant at his fate quite an than desponding or dejected, wishes for death, and yet preserves his life without loving it not from inclination or fear, but from duty, then his maxim has a moral worth4.There are many schools of thoughts on utilitarianism but John Stuart Mills theory on utilitarianism and euthanasia will be discussed. Mills ethical theory in the first place talks about pleasure and avoidance of pain. According to him, actions are right in proportion as they course to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce reverse of happiness5. Hence voluntary active euthanasia can produce happiness for a number of people. Firstly the persons suffering from pain will get rid of it and having control over their lives would give pleasure. Secondly the family of the patients, who feel the pain of their close ones, and who are spending lots of money in the treatment, will ultimately be free of pain. Therefore utilitarians would allow active voluntary euthanasia because it follows greatest happiness principle.In my point of view, voluntary active euthanasia can be morally permissible. Keeping utilitarianism in mind, active voluntary euthanasia holds many advantages. It terminates the suffering and pain of the terminally ill persons and their families. In addition the material resources and paramedical staff needed to keep alive patients, whose death is certain, can be used for those patients who have curable diseases. Moreover families of such patients suffer from economic burden of medical expenses, and so it is likewise relieved. Lastly and most importantly, euthanasia gives a sense of autonomy and control to people, to decide how and when their lives should end, when death with incurable disease is certain.Now I shall converse the arguments for and against the act of voluntary active euthanasia. The first argument made by most of the opponen ts is that act of euthanasia is against the divine will of God and it interferes in the natural processes that God has formulated for human beings. As argued by Gay-Williams (1979), man as trustee of his body act against God, its rightful possessor, when he takes his own life. Hence killing human life is violation of Gods commandments. However Vincent Barry in his writings answers this argument in the light of late medicine. He argues that contemporary advances in medicine have also interfered with the divine plan of God as it has prolonged peoples life who would have died long before. Hence if active euthanasia is said to be immoral, then prolonging peoples life against the will of God can also said to be immoral.Opponents of euthanasia argue that diagnosis made by physicians may at times be wrong. Therefore a patient diagnosed as having incurable disease might be an error. That is a mistaken diagnosis is made, and patient is forced to go for euthanasia. In addition they claim tha t physicians as human beings are inclined to make errors therefore euthanasia leads to an immoral and unacceptable act (Hooker, 2002, pg 28)6. In answer to this argument, proponents respond that there are very few cases in which such error is made. This doesnt imply that euthanasia shouldnt be legalized. If euthanasia is to be legalized and practiced, only medical experts would be eligible to make a diagnosis. Further to reduce the error of misdiagnosis, three medical experts shall discuss the diagnosis and come to the conclusion of whether euthanasia is applicable or not.The third argument made by the opponents is regarding new treatment options. They argue that what if new treatment modalities are available after acting on euthanasia? The outcomes would be terrible. Moreover people and physicians would become hopeless as soon as they match fatal disease and would not look for new treatment options. Brad Hooker (2002) talks about two standards that need to be followed for euthanas ia. First he says that as euthanasia is always implied at the end stages of a fatal disease, where there is no possibility of the diseased being benefited from new medical treatments, hence in such cases active voluntary euthanasia can be entertained. Secondly on the other hand, if there is a possibility that a patient might benefit from any innovative medical treatment, euthanasia should always be restricted.Slippery slope argument on the legalization of voluntary active euthanasia is also made by most of the opponents. They argue that once we have allowed voluntary euthanasia, in no time, non voluntary euthanasia will also be allowed and legalized. Hence doctors and sufferers family will start killing them without their consent. These people will be killed for wealth they posses, doctors will kill them so they can save hospitals resources and so on. Thus it will lead to a chain of reaction leading to devastating results. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy cites a study done i n Netherlands in 1995 to explore the reality of slippery slope argument. The researchers found the slippery slope argument groundless. That is to say, there a clear distinction between voluntary and non voluntary euthanasia, therefore there is no point in saying that legalization of active euthanasia will lead to abuses of non voluntary euthanasia. Moreover if active voluntary euthanasia would be legalized, it would need to be carefully drafted. And the law would have to be rigorously policed, to prevent abuse (Hooker, 2002, pg 30).In the conclusion, as euthanasia has six classifications, each type should be evaluated for moral worth. Some opponents might argue that good palliative care and pain relief measures are adequate and hence euthanasia is not required. However regardless of our maximum effort to provide best palliative care, euthanasia will always be picture. Moreover the expenditure for not allowing active euthanasia will be paid by sufferer whose suffering and pain will increase (Gorman, 1999, p.860), thus active voluntary euthanasia should be legalized. However in order to ensure that people do not misuse it, law should be strictly implemented. In this way, the victim would feel autonomous and will die with dignity.